Method of making a hose fitting



June 11, v1957 K. w. KLINK-saEK Erm. 2,795,041

METHOD oF MAKING A HosE:v FITTING original Filed April 29. 195o 2Sheets-Sheet 1 June l1 1, 1957 K. w. KLINKSIYEK Erm.

METHOD oF MAKING A nosa FITTING original Filed Aprl 29. 195o 2sneet-sheet 2 Unite States 2,795,041 Marilou or risiamoy A-Ho'sn FITTINGKarl W. minister, ninemsn Heights, and Albert Brunner,`Jennings, Mo.,yassignors Vto `Wagner Electric Corporation, St. Louis, Mo., acorporation of Delaware Continuation or spammen application serial No.

159,032, April 29, 1950. This application March 17,

1954, Serial No. 416,909

' sonnes. (cias-sos) of the fluid pressure system have been devised.Fittingsv have been designed with fiareden'd portions which preventcutting or chafing of the hose thereon. The diiculty with the use offiared end portions in the past has been that said portions split orcrack because the flare has been uncontrolled and allowed to exceed thefree or normal diameter of the fitting prior to the fiaring operation.Thus, it became necessary to use expensive highly ductile ma- Vterialsfor the fittings to prevent splitting.

The principal object of the present invention is to 'provide a hosefitting which has a fiared end portion which can be producedeconomically by machine in quantity and by using ordinary easilymachin-able materials as distinguished from the previous use ofexpensive highly duct-'ile materials, v

l Another object is to provide an internal slope to the flared endportion of a hose fitting so as to allow a long life to fluid pressurehose secured therein even under extreme conditions of Vibration. n

Another object of this invention is to produce a hose fitting which canbe applied to a pressure hose in which the preapplication shape of thefitting is designed to produce a fitting of the desired contour afterapplication to the hose.

Another object is to produce a fitting which can be applied to apressure hose by means of a multiple jawed die of the so-called tiresetter type.

Still another object is to produce a hose fitting in which all parts,which are worked during the application thereof to a presure hose, arereduced in diameter.

Another object is to provide a fitting lshaped so that it firmly graspsand seats a nipple previously placed within the fluid pressure hose.

These and other objects and advantages will become apparent hereinafter.

The invention comprises a hose fitting having a flared and portion whoseoutside diameter is substantially the same as or smaller than itsinitial diameter prior to the application of a hose, and in the methodof producing same.

The invention also consists in the process and in the parts and in thearrangements and combinations of parts hereinafter described andclaimed. In the accompanying drawings which form part of thisspecification and wherein like numerals refer to like parts whereverthey occur:

Fig. l is an exploded view of the parts comprising the hose fittingassembly,

' arent Fig; 2 is a partial cross-sectional View of a hose fittingassembly prior yto the forming operation,

5 vhose showing across-sectional view of a die jaw after it has formedthe fitting into the shape shown from the origiiial shapeshown in dottedlines, and

- Fig. 4 shows an end View of a tire setter type machine such'as is usedto apply the hose fitting to the pressure fluid hose.

Referring now to Fig. l, the pressure hose 1 comprises concentric wovenfiber tubes 2 around which and between ywhich is a vulcanized processedrubber compound 3. A

nipple 4 having a nipple neck 5 with a nipple bore 6 therethrough and ahead or fianged end 7 is provided for insertion into the end of saidhose 1 to act as a support for the resilient material of the khose 1during and after the application of said hose to a fitting or coupling8. This operation swells the outside diameter of that part of the hosewhich contains the nipple 4. The end of the hose 1 is then ground to adiameter substantially equal to the internal bore 9 of tubular extension1i) of the fitting 8 which will cover the hose 1 from the end thereof tothe point 11, Fig. 2, which is sufficient to insure a proper coupling.

The fitting 8, Fig. 1, is machined in any suitable way such as by anautomatic screw machine to form as shown. The critical parts of thismachining operation are the grooves or serrations 13 in the internalbore 9 of the tubular extension 10 and tapered wall 14 of the end ofsaid tubular extension 14). A bottom surface v15 of the fitting Sismachined smooth and has a hole V16 drilled therein for the .passage ofpressure fluid from lthe hose 1 through the nipple bore 6 inthe nipple 4to the receiving member (not shown). The fianged end 7 of thei nipple 4has a diameter onlyrslightly less than that of the internal bore 9 ofthe tubulary extension 10 of the fitting Sto facilitate the sealing ofthe pressure fluid within the assembly when the fitting is formed intoits final shape. The nipple neck 5 of the nipple 4 is so designed thatits length is such as to support the hose 1 throughout the length thatis compressedin the application of the tubular extension 10 of thefitting 8 thereto. While the exterior of the nipple neck 5 is shown tobe cylindrical in form, it is usual to provide circularly orientedgrooves thereon to increase the resistance to mechanically pulling thehose 1 from the fitting 8. The outside mean diameter of the neck 5 ofthe nipple 4 is made such that when it is forced into the bore of thehose 1 it makes a tight seal after assembly is completed to prevent thecreepage of liuid along the outside of the neck 5 of the nipple 4 thencealong the back 17 of the flanged end 7 and thence along the outside ofthe hose 1 under the fitting 8 tothe atmosphere.

Having assembled the nipple 4 into the end of the hose f1, the assemblyis then inserted into the internal bore 9 of the hose fitting 8 as shownin Figure 2. The partially assembled hose 1 and fitting 8 is then placedin the tire setter machi-ne (shown in Figure 4) and formed into itsfinal conformation by the closing in radially of the dies 1S.

The configuration of the face 19, Figures 3 and 4, of each of the dies18 is carefully designed to produce the desired pressure in the properdirection to give the greatest strength between the hose 1 an-d thefitting 8 after said fitting has been formed. A fragmentary radialcross-sectional view of a die 18 is shown in Figure 3 and an end Viewofthe dies is shown in Figure 4. The length of the die 18 is sufficientto give the necessary contact with the fitting 8 and extend beyond theends of the worked part thereof. The angle A, Figure 3, is machined onthe die "to allow clearance between the die 18 and the hexagonal pa'rtZ0 of the tting 8 and therefore is not critical. The angle B isdimensioned to cause a reducing operationat a point on the outer surfaceof the fitting 8 the nipple 4 firmly against the bottom surface 15 ofthe f fitting 8 and to produce a duid pressure tight seal` between theouter edge of the head 7 of the nipple 4 and the internal bore 9 of thetubular extension 1t) of the fitting 8. An angle C is applied to thatpart of the surface of the i die 18 that lies opposite the grooves 13 ofthe tubular extension 10. This angle C is quite small generally and isused since it has been found that a better gripping .action between thehose 1 and the fitting `8 is provided. An angle D is provided on theright end of the die 18 as shown so that the open end of the tubularextension 10 ofthe fitting 8 can be held in a restrained position toprevent an increased diameter of said open end .which would put thefitting material adjacent the end thereof in tension with resultantlongitudinal cracking or splitting unless special highly ductilematerials are used.. It is to be noted that the angle E originally ma*chined in the internal bore 9 of the fitting 8 (note dotted lines 12)`is increased substantially to the value E as the fitting 8 is formedonto the hose 1.y Due to the restraint offered by the right end of thedie 18 the mouth of the bore 9 of the fitting 8 is reduced in its meandiameter but is still larger than the outside diameter of the hose 1.l

The ridges or ribs 21 iappearing longitudinally along The natural resultof the forming action hereinbefore i described is to increase the lengthof the part being formed.

A complete die assembly is shown in Figure4. Dies 18 are oriented inslots 22 formed by guides 23 and are thereby constrained to move only ina radial direction. A ring 24 is connected individually to each die 18by levers 25 by means of pins 26 and 27 so that when the ring 24 isrotated by a prime mover (not shown) a radial motion is imparted to thedies 18 thereby causing them to close and exert the necessary force uponthe iitting 8 `(see Figure 3) to produce the reducing action.

The process of applying the tting 8 to the hose end 1 is as follows: Theneck 5 of the nipple 4 is forced into the end of the bore of the hose 1until the flanged end or head 7 of the nipple 4 is in contact therewith.This operation causes the exterior of the hose 1 extending i from theend thereof backv to the point 11' to become larger in diameter than theoriginal outside diameter of the free hose. As stated before, the hose 1is then ground i i to a diameter substantially equal to the diameter ofthe internal bore 9 of the tubular extension 10 of the fitting 8. Thissuba'ssembly is then placed in said internal bore 9 with the head 7 ofthe nipple 4 in close contact with the bottom surface 1S of the fitting8. The assembly is then placed in the forming machine and held in theposition relative to the dies 18 shown in Figure 3. The ring 24, shownin Figure 4, is then rotated counterclockwise thus forcing the dies 18radially inwardly by means of the pins 26 and 27 and the levers 2S andcausing the faces 19 of the dies 18 to contact and form the fitting 8.

The point on the die designated by the number 28 is the first to Contactthe fitting. As the die 18 moves inwardly the point 28 thereon causes areduction of dialneter of the tubular extension 1@ which tends torestrain the` rubber compound 3 of the hose 1 from flowing' out of themouth of the tubular extension 10. As` the die 18 progresses inwardly, apoint 29 thereon contacts the outer surface of the tubular extension 10and upon further movement deforms the metal of the wall of the extension10 between this point and the bottom surface 15 of the iitting 8 in sucha manner that the tubular extension 10 of the tting 8 flows into contactwith the edge of the nipple head 7 and slightly along the back 17 of thenipple head 7 opposite the bottom to form a pressure fluid tight sealbetween the two metallic surfaces.

That part of the die to the right of the point 28 as shown in Figure 3causes the outer surface of the tubular extension 10 which liesthereunder to be reduced in diameter but due to the angle D machined onthe face 19 of the die 18 the outer tiare or angle E at the outer end ofthe extension 10 becomes more pronounced as shown by angle E. However,this last mentioned flared portion and remaining portion of the` sleeve10 `are somewhat longer than would otherwise be the case since there isa longitudinal iiow of metal toward the right as shown in Figure 3. Thisow of metal combined with the angular form D of the die 18 causes theangle E to be increased to E which is greater than that which would hecaused by the die face 19 alone. At the open end the tubular extension10 must be materially larger in diameter than the outside diameter ofthe hose 1 to provide a substan tial amount of support to that sectionof the hose which bends most sharply under` extreme tiexure conditionswith.- out causing cutting thereof. However, the outside diameter `ofthe tubularextension 10 at the end thereof is less than before formingas can be seen by reference to the initial shape of said tubularextension 10 shown by the `the fitting to be made of a material which isordinarily considered as not particularly suitable for fittings withiiared ends in that all metal is maintained under compression throughoutthe operation and thereafter thus removing the possibility of axialsplitting due to the metal around the mouth of the tting being in radialand circumferential tension.

This invention is intended to cover all changes and modifications of theexample of the invention herein chosen for purposes of the disclosure,which do not constitute departures from the spirit and scope of theinvention.

What we claim is:

1. The method of assembling and securing a fitting to a flexible hosemember, said fitting being provided with an open ended tubular extensionwith an outwardly flared inner surface at its open end for receiving theend of said hose member and with the bore of said extension beingsubstantially equal in diameter to the external diameter of said hosemember, and a cylindrical shaped nipple concentric with the bore of saidtubular extension and receiv able in the end of said hose member, which.method comprises deforming the outer surface of said tubular extensionover its entire length radially inwardly in such a manner as to providea greater inward deformation of said tubular extension near its centerto thereby compress said hose member between said nipple and saidtubular extension and to provide a clearance with the aid of thepreformed flared inner surface of said tubular extension between saidhose member and the end of said tubular extension, said open end portionof said tubular extension being deformed inwardly to a lesser extentthan said center portion.

2. The method of assembling and securing a fitting to a liexible hosemember, said fitting being provided with an open ended tubular extensionhaving a cylindrical outer surface of uniform diameter and provided withan outwardly flared inner surface at its open end for receiving the endof said hose member and with the bore of said extension having aninternal surface substantially equal in diameter to the externaldiameter of said hose member, and a cylindrical shaped nipple concentricwith the bore of said tubular extension and receivable in the end ofsaid hose member, which method comprises deformng the outer surface ofsaid tubular extension over its entire length radially inwardly in sucha manner as to provide a greater inward deformation of said tubularextension near its center to thereby compress said hose member betweensaid nipple and said tubular extension and to provide a clearance withthe aid of the preformed ared inner surface of said tubular extensionbetween said hose member and the end of said tubular extension, saidopen end portion of said tubular extension being deformed inwardly to alesser extent than said center portion and with said open end portionhaving a mean diameter less than the mean diameter of the inner endportion of said tubular extension. Y

3. The method of assembling and securing a fitting having a tubularextension at one end thereof to a flexible hose member comprising thestepsl of inserting a cylindrical shaped nipple in one end of the hosemember, the nipple having a ange at the outward end thereof engaging theend of the hose member; inserting the hose member and nipple in the boreforming tire tubular extension on the tting, the ange on the nippleengaging the litting at a point immediately adjacent the tubularextension; simultaneously deforming the midportion and the end portionsof the tubular extension radially inwardly to compress the hose memberbetween the nipple and the inner surface of the bore in the tubularextension and to place the iiange of the nipple in -a sealingrelationship to the inner surface of the bore, the midportion of thetubular extension beting deformed inwardly to a greater extent than theend portions to produce a Haring at the free end of the tubularextension.

4. The method of assembling and securing a fitting to a exible hosemember, wherein the fitting is provided with an open ended tubularextension having a cylindrical outer surface of uniform diameter andprovided with an outwardly flared inner surface at its open end forreceiving the end of said hose member, the bore of the tubular extensionhaving an internal surface substantially equal in diameter to theexternal diameter of the hose member and a wall with a small passagetherethrough terminating the inner end of salid bore in the tubularextension, a cylindrical shaped nipple receivable in the open end of thehose member, said nipple being provided with an annular ange at one endthereof with a peripherial diameter less than the diameter of the boreand having one side engageable with the `end of the hose member and asecond side engageable with the wall in the tubular extension, whichmethod comprises the steps of inserting the cylindrical shaped nipple inthe end of the hose member placing the one side of the annular angeagainst the end of the hose member; inserting the nipple and hose memberassembly into the tubular extension of the fitting, the second side ofthe annular flange on `the nipple being forced into engagement with thewall at the inner end of the tubular extension; simultaneously deformingthe midportion and the inner and outer end portions of the tubularextension radially inwardly to thereby compress the hose member betweenthe nipple and the 'inner surface of the tubular extension and to placethe ange of the nipple in sealing relationship with the tubularextension, the midportion of the tubular extension being deformedinwardly to a greater extent than the inner and outer end portions toincrease the angle of flaring at the open end of the tubular extension.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS1,761,521 Eastman June 3, 1930 1,954,989 Eastman Apr. 17, 1934 2,008,650Weatherhead July 16, 1935 2,028,316 Brunner Jan. 21, 1936 2,031,824Eastman Feb. 25, 1936 2,040,834 Cowles May 19, 1936 2,314,890 MelsomMar. 30, 1943 2,453,997 M'acWilliam Nov. 16, 1948

